School of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering

Plasma and Pulsed Power Group (P3G) was originally set up by Michael Kong at University of Liverpool in 1998 and has been developed over the past 10 years at Loughborough.  Its remit is to develop near room temperature atmospheric plasmas and ultrashort and highly repetitive pulsed electric fields for a number of applications.  Much of the current interest is concerned with biomedical and healthcare applications.

The members of the Plasma and Pulsed Power Group (P3G)  develop contemporary plasma and pulsed power technologies at the cutting edge of the field, and apply them in novel applications in the fields of engineering and biomedicine.

We focus equally on basic principles and technological challenges and aim at translating advances in fundamental understanding into novel practical solutions. The P3G is one of the largest UK academic groups for engineering research of plasma and pulsed power technologies with well-established international reputation. Key strands of our technical expertise are:

• Low-temperature atmospheric-pressure glow discharges
  
• Microplasmas and plasmas-liquid interactions
• High voltage, high current and ultra-short pulse generation and diagnostics
  
• Plasma decontamination and plasma medicine
  
• Electrically induced biological processes
  
• Plasma modelling

Our research is strongly supported by government agencies and major industrial organisations, and the group has developed over the years strong links with research groups in Australia, China, France, Germany, Korea, Japan, Portugal, Taiwan, and USA.

• Development and characterisation of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) sources
• Disinfection of large physical environment using cold plasmas
• Inactivation of microorganisms and proteins using cold gas plasmas
• Biofilms and social microbiology
• Therapeutic use of nanosecond pulsed electric fields

Dr. Gilbert Shama
Loughborough University, UK
Email: G.Shama@lboro.ac.uk
Phone: +44 (0)1509 222 514
Reaction Engineering and Transfer Process Group

Prof. Dezhen Wang
Dalian University of Technology, China
Email: wangdez@dlut.edu.cn
Phone: +49 (0)234 32 28576
State Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams

Prof. Jae Koo Lee
Postech, South Korea
Email: jkl@postech.ac.kr
Phone: +82 (0)54 279 2083
Bio-Medical Electrics Lab (Bio-Me)

Dr. John Ward
Loughborough University, UK
Email: John.Ward@lboro.ac.uk
Phone: +44 (0)1509 223 182
Mathematical Modelling

Dr. Rob Seager
Loughborough University, UK
Email: R.D.Seager@lboro.ac.uk
Phone: +44 (0)1509 227 062
Wireless Communications Research Group

Dr. Volker Schulz-von der Gathen
Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
Email: svdg@ep2.rub.de
Phone: +49 (0)234 32 28576
Institute for Experimental Physics II

Prof. Gyoo Cheon Kim
Pusan National University, South Korea
Email: ki91000m@pusan.ac.kr
Phone: +82 (0)51 240 7970
College of dentistry

Prof. Yikan Pu
Tsinghua University, China
Email: puyikang@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
Phone: +86 (0)10 62795419
Plasma Laboratory

Dr. Natalia Janson
Loughborough University, UK
Email: n.b.janson@lboro.ac.uk
Phone: +44 (0)1509 222 874
Dr. Natalia Janson

Prof. Ming-Zhe Rong
Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
Email: mzrong@mail.xjtu.edu.cn
Phone: +86 29 82667981
State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment

Prof. Mounir Laroussi
Old Dominion University, Virginia, USA
Email: mlarouss@odu.edu
Phone: +1 757 6836369
Applied Plasma Technology Lab

Prof. David Graves
UC Berkeley, California, USA
Email: graves@berkeley.edu
Phone: +1 510 642 2214
Graves Lab

Prof. Gregor E. Morfill
Max-Planck Institute, Garching, Germany
Email: gem@mpe.mpg.de
Phone: +49 (89) 30000-3567
Plasma Health Care

Dr Benjamin R. Buckley

Loughborough University, UK
Email: b.r.buckley@lboro.ac.uk
Phone: +44  (0)1509228752
Buckley Group

Other HEIs

University of Birmingham
University College London (UCL)
University of Edinburgh
University of Leicester
University of Nottingham
University of Southampton

 

2011

148. Plasma plume propagation characterisitcs of pulsed radio frequency plasma jet
     J.H. Liu, X.Y. Liu, K. Hu, D.W. Liu X.P. Lu, F. Iza and M. G. Kong
     Appl. Phys. Lett., 98, pp 151502 (2011)

2010

147. Characterisation of a 3 nanosecond pulsed atmospheric pressure argon microplasma
     J. L. Walsh, F. Iza and M. G. Kong
     Eur. Phys. J. D, 60, pp 523 (2010)

146. Excitation frequency effects on atmospheric-pressure helium RF microplasmas: plasma density, electron energy and plasma impedance
     K. McKay, F. Iza and M. G. Kong
     Eur. Phys. J. D, 60, pp 497 (2010)

145. Main Species and Physicochemical Processes in Cold Atmospheric-pressure He+O2 Plasmas
     D.X. Liu, M.Z. Rong, X.H. Wang, F. Iza, M.G. Kong, and P. Bruggeman
     Plasma Process. Polym., 7, pp 846 (2010)

144. Non-invasive VHF Monitoring of Low-Temperature Atmospheric Pressure Plasma
     V.J. Law, S. Daniels, J.L. Walsh, M.G. Kong, L.M. Graham, T. Gans
     Plasma Sourc. Sci. Technol., 19, pp 034008 (2010)

143. Spatially Extended Atmospheric Plasma Arrays
     Z. Cao, Q. Nie, D.L. Bayliss, J.L. Walsh, C.S. Ren, D.Z. Wang, M.G. Kong
     Plasma Sourc. Sci. Technol., 19, pp 025003 (2010)

142. Optical emission spectroscopy as a diagnostic for plasmas in liquids: opportunities and pitfalls
     P. Bruggeman, T. Verreycken, M.Á. González, J.L. Walsh, M.G. Kong, C. Leys and D.C. Schram
     J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 43, pp 124005 (2010)

141. Global model of low-temperature atmospheric-pressure He + H2O plasmas
     D.X. Liu, P. Bruggeman, F. Iza, M.Z. Rong and M.G. Kong
     Plasma Sourc. Sci. Technol., 19, pp 025018 (2010)

140. Three distinct modes in a cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet
     J.L. Walsh, V. Law, F. Iza, M.G. Kong, N.B. Janson
     J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 43, pp 075201 (2010)

139. Contrasting characteristics of sub-microsecond pulsed atmospheric air and atmospheric pressure helium-oxygen glow discharges
     J.L. Walsh, D.X. Liu, F. Iza, M.Z. Rong and M.G. Kong
     J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 43, pp 32001 (2010)

138. Mass spectrometry study of positive and negative ions in a capacitively coupled atmospheric pressure RF excited glow discharge in He-water mixtures
     P. Bruggeman, F. Iza, D. Lauwers and Y. Aranda Gonzalvo
     J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 43, pp 012003 (2010)

137. Electronic quenching of OH(A) by water in atmospheric pressure plasmas and its influence on the gas temperature determination by OH(A–X) emission
     P. Bruggeman, F. Iza, P. Guns, D. Lauwers, M.G. Kong, Y. Aranda Gonzalvo, C. Leys and D.C. Schram
     Plasma Sourc. Sci. Technol., 19, pp 15016 (2010)

2009

136. Is the Rotational Temperature of OH(A-X) for Discharges in and in Contact with Liquids a Good Diagnostic for Determining the Gas Temperature?
     P. Bruggeman, D.C. Schram, M.G. Kong and C. Leys
     Plasma Process. Polymers, 6, pp 751 (2009)

135. Focus on Plasma Medicine
     G.E. Morfill, M.G. Kong, J.L. Zimmermann
     New J. Phys., 11, pp 115011 (2009)

134. Plasma medicine: an introductory review (Review)
     M.G. Kong, G. Kroesen, G. Morfill, T. Nosenko, T. Shimizu, J. van Dijk and J.L. Zimmermann
     New J. Phys., 11, pp 115012 (2009)

133. A two-dimensional cold atmospheric plasma jet array for uniform treatment of large-area surfaces for plasma medicine
     Q.Y. Nie, Z. Cao, C.S. Ren, D.Z. Wang and M.G. Kong
     New J. Phys., 11, pp 115015 (2009)

132. Reduction and degradation of amyloid aggregates by a pulsed radio-frequency cold atmospheric plasma jet
     D.L. Bayliss, J.L. Walsh, G. Shama, F. Iza and M.G. Kong
     New J. Phys., 11, pp 115024 (2009)

131. Degradation of adhesion molecules of G361 melanoma cells by a non-thermal atmospheric pressure microplasma
     H.J. Lee, C.H. Shon, Y.S. Kim, S. Kim, G.C. Kim, M.G. Kong
     New J. Phys., 11, pp 115026 (2009)

130. A cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet controlled with spatially separated dual-frequency excitations
     Z. Cao, Q.Y. Nie and M.G. Kong
     J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 42, pp 222003 (2009)

129. Electron avalanches and diffused gamma-mode in radio-frequency capacitively coupled atmospheric-pressure microplasmas
     D.W. Liu, F. Iza, and M.G. Kong
     Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, pp 031501 (2009)

128. From Submicrosecond- to Nanosecond-Pulsed Atmospheric-Pressure Plasmas (Invited)
     F. Iza, J.L. Walsh, M.G. Kong
     IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 37, pp 1289-1296 (2009)

127. Evolution of Atmospheric-Pressure RF Plasmas as the Excitation Frequency Increases
     D.W. Liu, F. Iza, and M.G. Kong
     Plasma Process. Polymers, 6, pp 446-150 (2009)

126. Antibody nanoparticles: a new weapon against cancer
     G.C. Kim, G.J. Kim, S.R. Park, S.M. Jeon, H.J. Seo, F. Iza, and J.K. Lee
     Europhysics News, 40, pp 14 (2009)

125. Modelling and Simulation of Low-Temperature Plasmas (Editorial)
     J.K. Lee, M.G. Kong, D.B. Graves
     Plasma Process. Polymers, 6, pp 278 (2009)

124. Time dependent optical emission spectroscopy of sub-microsecond pulsed plasmas in air with water cathode
     P. Bruggeman, J.L. Walsh, D.C. Schram, C. Leys, M.G. Kong
     Plasma Sourc. Sci. Technol., 18, pp 045023 (2009)

123. Microwave-excited atmospheric-pressure microplasmas based on a coaxial transmission line resonator
     J. Choi, F. Iza, H.J. Do, J.K. Lee, M.H. Cho
     Plasma Sourc. Sci. Technol., 18, pp 025029 (2009)

122. Characterization of a Direct Dc-Excited Discharge in Water by Optical Emission Spectroscopy
     P. Bruggeman, D. Schram, M.A. Gonzalez, R. Rego, M.G. Kong, and C. Leys
     Plasma Sourc. Sci. Technol., 18, pp 025017 (2009)

121. Simulations of biomedical atmospheric-pressure discharges
     S.M. Lee, Y.J. Hong, Y.S. Seo, F. Iza, G.C. Kim, J.K. Lee
     Comput. Phys. Commun., 180, pp 636-641 (2009)

120. Field emission and lifetime of microcavity plasma
     G.J.Kim, F.Iza, J.K. Lee
     Phys.Plasmas, 16, pp 013502 (2009)

119. Atmospheric plasma jet array in parallel electric and gas flow fields for three-dimensional surface treatment
     Z. Cao, J.L. Walsh, and M.G. Kong
     Appl. Phys. Lett., 94, pp 021501 (2009)

118. Air plasma coupled with antibody-conjugated nanoparticles: a new weapon against cancer
     G.C. Kim, G.J. Kim, S.R. Park, S.M. Jeon, H.J. Seo, F. Iza, and J.K. Lee
     J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 42, pp 032005 (2009)

2008

117. Two-Dimensional Particle Simulations for Microhollow Cathode Discharges: Comparison of secondary electron emission models
     Y. J.Hong, M. Yoon, G. J. Kim, F. Iza, J. K. Lee
     J. Korean Phys. Soc., 53, pp 3777 (2008)

116. Electron heating in radio-frequency capacitively coupled atmospheric-pressure plasmas
     D.W. Liu, F. Iza, and M.G. Kong
     Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, pp 261503 (2008)

115. Atmospheric glow discharges from the high-frequency to very high-frequency bands
     J.L. Walsh, F. Iza, and M.G. Kong
     Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, pp 251502 (2008)

114. Atmospheric-pressure gas breakdown from 2 to 100 MHz
     J.L. Walsh, Y.T. Zhang, F. Iza, and M.G. Kong
     Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, pp 221505 (2008)

113. Comparison of fluid and particle-in-cell simulations on atmospheric pressure helium microdischarges
     Y.J. Hong, M. Yoon, F. Iza, G.C. Kim, J.K. Lee
     J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 41, pp 245208 (2008)

112. Dc excited glow discharges in atmospheric pressure air in pin-to-water electrode systems
     P. Bruggeman, J. Liu, J. Degroote, M. G. Kong, J. Vierendeels and C. Leys
     J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 41, pp 215201 (2008)

111. Contrasting characteristics of linear-field and cross-field atmospheric plasma jets
     J.L. Walsh and M.G. Kong
     Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, pp 111501 (2008)

110. Frequency Effects of Plasma Bullets in Atmospheric Glow Discharges
     J.L. Walsh and M.G. Kong
     IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 36, pp 954-955 (2008)

109. Atmospheric Dielectric-Barrier Discharges Scalable From 1 mm to 1 m
     J.L. Walsh, Z. Cao and M.G. Kong
     IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 36, pp 1314-1315 (2008)

108. Evolution of the Light Emission Profile in Radio-Frequency Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharges
     D. Liu, F. Iza and M.G. Kong
     IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 36, pp 952-953 (2008)

107. Cold Atmospheric Plasma Disinfection of Cut Fruit Surfaces Contaminated with Migrating Microorganisms
     S. Perni, G. Shama, M.G. Kong
     J. Food Prot., 71, pp 1619-1625 (2008)

106. Modes in a pulse-modulated radio-frequency dielectric-barrier glow discharge
     J.J. Shi, J. Zhang, G. Qiu, J.L. Walsh, M.G. Kong
     Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, pp 041502 (2008)

105. Microplasmas: Sources, Particle Kinetics, and Biomedical Applications (Review)
     F. Iza, G.J. Kim, S.M. Lee, et al
     Plasma Processes and Polymers, 5, pp 322-344 (2008)

104. A hypersonic plasma bullet train traveling in an atmospheric dielectric-barrier discharge jet
     J.J. Shi, F. Zhong, J. Zhang, D.W. Liu and M.G. Kong
     Phys. Plasmas, 15, pp 13504 (2008)

103. Cold atmospheric plasma decontamination of the pericarps of fruit
     S. Perni, D.W. Liu, G. Shama and M.G. Kong
     J. Food Prot., 71, pp 302-308 (2008)

2007

102. Self-organized pattern formation of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet in a dielectric barrier discharge configuration
     Q.Y. Nie, C.S. Ren, D.Z. Wang, S.Z. Li, J.L. Zhang and M.G. Kong
     Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, pp 221504 (2007)

101. Room-temperature atmospheric argon plasma jet sustained with submicrosecond high-voltage pulses
     J.L. Walsh and M.G. Kong
     Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, pp 221502 (2007)

100. Radio-frequency dielectric-barrier glow discharges in atmospheric argon
     J.J. Shi and M.G. Kong
     Appl.Phys.Lett., 90, pp 111502 (2007)

99. Protein destruction by atmospheric pressure glow discharges
    X.T. Deng, J.J. Shi, H.L. Chen and M.G. Kong
    Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, pp 13903 (2007)

98. Protein destruction by a helium atmospheric pressure glow discharge: Capability and mechanisms
    X.T. Deng, J.J. Shi and M.G. Kong
    J. Appl. Phys., 101, pp 74701 (2007)

97. Probing Bactericidal Mechanisms Induced by Cold Atmospheric Plasmas with Escherichia Coli Mutants
    S. Perni, G. Shama, J.L. Hobman, et al
    Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, pp 73902 (2007)

96. Period Multiplication and Chaotic Phenomena in Atmospheric Dielectric-barrier Glow Discharges
    Y.H. Wang, Y.T. Zhang, D.Z. Wang and M.G. Kong
    Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, pp 71501 (2007)

95. Mode transition in radio-frequency atmospheric argon discharges with and without dielectric barriers
    J.J. Shi and M.G. Kong
    Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, pp 101502 (2007)

94. Mitigating Plasma Constriction Using Dielectric Barriers In Radio-frequency Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharges
    J.J. Shi, D.W. Liu and M.G. Kong
    Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, pp 31505 (2007)

93. Low-pressure plasma generation inside slender tubes
    F. Iza and J.K. Lee
    Comput. Phys. Commun., 177, pp 72-75 (2007)

92. Evolution of the electron energy distribution function in pulsed micro hollow cathode discharge
    G.J. Kim, Y.J. Hong, F. Iza and J.K. Lee
    Comput. Phys. Commun., 177, pp 131-131 (2007)

91. Electron trapping in radio-frequency atmospheric-pressure glow discharges
    D.W. Liu, J.J. Shi and M.G. Kong
    Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, pp 41502 (2007)

90. Electron kinetics in radio-frequency atmospheric-pressure microplasmas
    F. Iza, J.K. Lee and M.G. Kong
    Phys. Rev. Lett., 99, pp 75004 (2007)

89. Electron and ion kinetics in a DC microplasma at atmospheric pressure
    J. Choi, F. Iza, J.K. Lee and C.M. Ryu
    IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 35, pp 1274-1278 (2007)

88. Effects of Dielectric Barriers in Radio-Frequency Atmospheric Glow Discharges (Invited)
    J.J. Shi, D.W. Liu and M.G. Kong
    IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 35, pp 137-142 (2007)

87. Computer Modeling of low-temperature plasmas
    F. Iza, S.H. Lee and J.K. Lee
    Gas Discharges: Fundamentals and Applications, Ed. de Amorim Filho, J.
    Research Signpost, 2007 - ISBN: 978-81-7895-287-1 (2007)

86. Bacterial cells exposed to nanosecond pulsed electric fields show lethal and sublethal effects
    S. Perni, P.R. Chalise, G. Shama and M.G. Kong
    Intl. J. Food Microbiol., 120, pp 311-314 (2007)

85. Advanced Simulations for Industrial Plasma Applications
    S.J. Kim, F. Iza, N. Babaeva, S.H. Lee, H.J. Lee and J.K. Lee
    Advanced Plasma Technology, Ed. R. d'Agostino, P. Favia, Y. Kawai, H. Ikegami, N. Sato and F. Arefi-khonsari.
    Wiley-VCH, 2007 - ISBN: 978-3-527-40591-6 (2007)

84. Abnormal Heating of Low-Energy Electrons in Low-Pressure Capacitively Coupled Discharges
    G.Y. Park, S.J. You, F. Iza and J.K. Lee
    Phys. Rev. Lett., 98, pp 85003 (2007)

83. 10 ns Pulsed Atmospheric Air Plasma for Uniform Treatment of Polymeric Surfaces
    J.L. Walsh and M.G. Kong
    Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, pp 251504 (2007)

2006

82. Submicrosecond pulsed atmospheric glow discharges sustained without dielectric barriers at kilohertz frequencies
    J.L. Walsh, J.J. Shi and M.G. Kong
    Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, pp 161505 (2006)

81. Simulation of radio-frequency atmospheric pressure glow discharge
    S. Wan-Li, W. De-Zhen and M.G. Kong
    Chin. Phys., 16, pp 485-492 (2006)

80. Sharp bursts of high-flux reactive species in submicrosecond atmospheric pressure glow discharges
    J.L. Walsh and M.G. Kong
    Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, pp 231503 (2006)

79. Secondary electron emission coefficients in plasma display panels as determined by particle and fluid simulations
    S.S. Yang, S.M. Lee, F. Iza and J.K. Lee
    J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 39, pp 2775-2784 (2006)

78. Plasma stability control using dielectric barriers in radio-frequency atmospheric pressure glow discharges
    J.J. Shi, D.W. Liu and M.G. Kong
    Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, pp 81502 (2006)

77. Physical Mechanisms of Inactivation of Bacillus subtilis Spores Using Cold Atmospheric Plasmas
    X.T. Deng, J.J. Shi and M.G. Kong
    IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 34, pp 1310-1316 (2006)

76. Particle-in-cell simulations of planar and cylindrical Langmuir probes: Floating potential and ion saturation current
    F. Iza and J.K. Lee
    J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, 24, pp 1366-1372 (2006)

75. Particle-in-cell Monte Carlo and fluid simulations of argon-oxygen plasma: Comparisons with experiments and validations
    S.H. Lee, F. Iza and J.K. Lee
    Phys. Plasmas, 13, pp 57102 (2006)

74. Moment conserving method for modelling multiple collisions in particle simulations
    F. Iza and J.K. Lee
    J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 39, pp 1853-1865 (2006)

73. Modeling the Inactivation Kinetics of Bacillus subtilis Spores by Nonthermal Plasmas
    S. Perni, X.T. Deng, G. Shama and M.G. Kong
    IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, 34, pp 1297-1303 (2006)

72. Lethality Mechanisms in Escherichia coli Induced by Intense Sub-microsecond Electrical Pulses
    P.R. Chalise, S. Perni, G. Shama, B. Novac, I.R. Smith and M.G. Kong
    Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, pp 153902 (2006)

71. Special Issue on Nonthermal Medical/Biological Treatments Using Ionized Gases and Electromagnetic Fields (Editorial)
    J.F. Kolb, M.G. Kong and P.F. Blackmore
    IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 34, pp 1250-1252 (2006)

70. Evolution of Discharge Structure in Capacitive Radio-Frequency Atmospheric Microplasmas
    J.J. Shi and M.G. Kong
    Phys. Rev. Lett., 96, pp 105009 (2006)

69. Electron and ion kinetics in a micro hollow cathode discharge
    G.J. Kim, F. Iza and J.K. Lee
    J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 39, pp 4386-4392 (2006)

68. Effects of Cell Surface Loading and Phase of Growth in Cold Atmospheric Gas Plasma Inactivation of Escherichia coli K12
    H. Yu, S. Perni, J.J. Shi, D.Z. Wang, M.G. Kong and G. Shama
    J. Appl. Microbiol., 101, pp 1323-1330 (2006)

67. Contrasting characteristics of pulsed and sinusoidal cold atmospheric plasma jets
    J.L. Walsh, J.J. Shi and M.G. Kong
    Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, pp 171501 (2006)

66. Complex dynamic behaviors of nonequilibrium atmospheric dielectric-barrier discharges
    Y.T. Zhang, D.Z. Wang and M.G. Kong
    J.Appl.Phys., 100, pp 63304 (2006)

65. A Complementary Sterilisation Strategy Using Cold Atmospheric Plasmas
    M.G. Kong
    Medical Device Technology, April, pp 26-28 (2006)

2005

64. Low-power plasma generator (Patent)
    J. Hopwood and F. Iza
    US Patent 6,917,165
    Licensed to Verionix and Agilent. (2005)

63. Two-dimensional simulation of a low-current dielectric barrier discharge in atmospheric helium
    Y.T. Zhang, D.Z. Wang and M.G. Kong
    J. Appl. Phys., 98, pp 113308 (2005)

62. Split-ring resonator microplasma: microwave model, plasma impedance and power efficiency
    F. Iza and J. Hopwood
    Plasma Sourc. Sci. Technol., 14, pp 397-406 (2005)

61. Sheath Dynamics in Radio-Frequency Atmospheric Glow Discharges
    J.J. Shi and M.G. Kong
    IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 33, pp 278-279 (2005)

60. Self-Organized Filaments, Striations and Other Nonuniformities in Nonthermal Atmospheric Microwave Excited Microdischarges
    F. Iza and J.A. Hopwood
    IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 33, pp 306-307 (2005)

59. Particle-in-cell simulation of gas breakdown in microgaps
    M. Radmilovic-Radjenovic, J.K. Lee, F. Iza and G.Y. Park
    J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, pp 950-954 (2005)

58. Particle and fluid simulations of low-temperature plasma discharges: benchmarks and kinetic effects (Review)
    H.C. Kim, F. Iza, S.S. Yang, M. Radmilovic-Radjenovic and J.K. Lee
    J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, pp R283-R301 (2005)

57. Nonthermal Atmospheric Plasmas Sustained Without Dielectric Barrier in the Kilohertz Range
    J.J. Shi and M.G. Kong
    IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 33, pp 276-277 (2005)

56. Multilayer plasma patterns in paralleled and coupled atmospheric glow discharges
    Y. Yang, J. J. Shi, J. E. Harry, J. Proctor, C. P. Garner, and M. G. Kong
    IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 33, pp 298-299 (2005)

55. Multilayer Plasma Patterns in Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharges
    Y. Yang, J.J. Shi, J.E. Harry, J. Proctor, C.P. Garner and M.G. Kong
    IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 33, pp 302-303 (2005)

54. Mode Characteristics of Radio-Frequency Atmospheric Glow Discharges
    J.J. Shi and M.G. Kong
    IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 33, pp 624-630 (2005)

53. A microfabricated atmospheric-pressure microplasma source operating in air
    J.A. Hopwood, F. Iza, S. Coy and D.B. Fenner
    J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, pp 1698-1703 (2005)

52. Mechanisms of the alpha and gamma modes in radio-frequency atmospheric glow discharges
    J.J. Shi and M.G. Kong
    J. Appl. Phys., 97, pp 23306 (2005)

51. The mechanism of striation formation in plasma display panels
    F. Iza, S.S. Yang, H.C. Kim and J.K. Lee
    J. Applied Phys., 98, pp 43302 (2005)

50. Large-volume and low-frequency atmospheric glow discharges without dielectric barrier
    J.J. Shi and M.G. Kong
    Appl. Phys. Lett., 86, pp 91502 (2005)

49. Expansion of the plasma stability range in radio-frequency atmospheric-pressure glow discharges
    J.J. Shi and M.G. Kong
    Appl. Phys. Lett., 87, pp 201501 (2005)

48. Electron kinetic effects in atmospheric dielectric-barrier glow discharges
    X. Zhu and M.G. Kong
    J. Appl. Phys., 97, pp 83301 (2005)

47. Effects of microbial loading and sporulation temperature on atmospheric plasma inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores
    X.T. Deng, J.J. Shi, G. Shama and M.G. Kong
    Appl. Phys. Lett., 87, pp 153901 (2005)

46. Atmospheric Plasma Inactivation of Biofilm-Forming Bacteria for Food Safety Control
    M. Vleugels, G. Shama, X.T. Deng, E. Greenacre, T. Brocklehurst and M.G. Kong
    IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 33, pp 824-828 (2005)

2004

45. Ultrahigh frequency microplasmas from 1 pascal to 1 atmosphere
    J.A. Hopwood and F. Iza
    J. Anal. Atom. Spect., 19, pp 1145-1150 (2004)

44. Rotational, vibrational, and excitation temperatures of a microwave-frequency microplasma
    F. Iza and J.A. Hopwood
    IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 32, pp 498-504 (2004)

43. Frequency Range of Stable Dielectric-Barrier Discharges in Atmospheric He and N2
    X.T. Deng and M.G. Kong
    IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 32, pp 1709-1715 (2004)

42. Electrically induced heat dissipation in metallized film capacitors
    M.G. Kong and Y.P. Lee
    IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 11, pp 1007-1013 (2004)

2003

41. Three modes in a radio frequency atmospheric pressure glow discharge
    J.J. Shi, X.T. Deng, R. Hall, J.D. Punnett and M.G. Kong
    J. Appl. Phys., 94, pp 6303-6310 (2003)

40. A millimetre-wave second harmonic waveguide FEL
    X.H. Zhong and M.G. Kong
    Opt. Commun., 217, pp 325-333 (2003)

39. Low-power microwave plasma source based on a microstrip split-ring resonator
    F. Iza and J.A. Hopwood
    IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 31, pp 782-787 (2003)

38. Electrically Efficient Production of a Diffuse Nonthermal Atmospheric Plasma (Invited)
    M.G. Kong and X.T. Deng
    IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 31, pp 7-18 (2003)

37. Cathode fall characteristics in a dc atmospheric pressure glow discharge
    J.J. Shi and M.G. Kong
    J. Appl. Phys., 94, pp 5505-5513 (2003)

2002

36. Strong wiggler field assisted amplification in a second-harmonic waveguide free electron laser
    X.H. Zhong and M.G. Kong
    IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 30, pp 630-638 (2002)

35. Nonlinear amplification in a second-harmonic waveguide free-electron laser
    X.H. Zhong and M.G. Kong
    IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 30, pp 2059-2065 (2002)

34. Influence of operating frequency and coupling coefficient on the efficiency of microfabricated inductively coupled plasma sources
    F. Iza and J.A. Hopwood
    Plasma Sourc. Sci. Technol., 11, pp 229-235 (2002)

33. Energy spread effects in second harmonic waveguide FELs
    X. Zhong and M.G. Kong
    Opt. Commun., 210, pp 83-89 (2002)

2001

32. Surface electric field dynamics in dc film capacitors under an impulse voltage perturbation
    Y.P. Lee and M.G. Kong
    IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul., 8, pp 293-298 (2001)

31. Numerically established correlation in electrical responses of polymer film capacitors to ac and pulsed voltages
    Y.P. Lee and M.G. Kong
    IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul., 8, pp 880-888 (2001)

30. Impact of surface discharge plasmas on performance of a metallized film capacitor
    M.G. Kong and Y.P. Lee
    J. Appl. Phys., 90, pp 3069-3078 (2001)

29. Electron bunching at large wiggler field in a second harmonic waveguide free electron laser
    X.H. Zhong and M.G. Kong
    Opt. Commun., 196, pp 243-250 (2001)

2000

28. Modelling of collisions and scattering of particles in electromagnetic fields using TLM
    A.K. Dinnis, T.M. Benson, C. Christopoulos and M.G. Kong
    IEE Proc.: Sci. Meas. Technol., 147, pp 279-284 (2000)

27. Low-voltage interaction of electrons with TM modes in waveguide free electron lasers
    X.H. Zhong and M.G. Kong
    Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A, 445, pp 13-18 (2000)

26. Free electron laser spectrum control with a quasiperiodic wiggler configuration
    M.G. Kong, X. Zhong and A. Vourdas
    Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A, 445, pp 7-12 (2000)

1999

25. Saturation behaviour of a waveguide optical klystron in the presence of electron energy spread
    J. Zhang and M.G. Kong
    Opt. Commun., 165, pp 215-223 (1999)

24. Elliptical polarization effects in a chromatically addressed Faraday current sensor
    G.D. Li, R.A. Aspey, M.G. Kong, J.R. Gibson and G.R. Jones
    Meas. Sci. Technol., 10, pp 25-30 (1999)

23. Effects of non-resonant electron velocity components in a second harmonic waveguide free electron laser
    X.H. Zhong and M.G. Kong
    Opt. Commun., 168, pp 375-381 (1999)

22. Control of harmonic generation in a free-electron laser with a quasiperiodic wiggler configuration
    M.G. Kong and A. Vourdas
    Phys. Rev. E, 59, pp 2339-2346 (1999)

1998

21. Mode-selective amplification in a waveguide free electron laser with a two-sectioned wiggler
    M.G. Kong
    IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 26, pp 85-91 (1998)

20. Inhomogeneous broadening effects in a multiharmonic wiggler based optical klystron
    M.G. Kong
    Phys. Rev. E, 58, pp 1011-1018 (1998)

19. Faraday current sensing employing chromatic modulation
    G.R. Jones, G. Li, J.W. Spencer, R.A. Aspey and M.G. Kong
    Opt. Commun., 145, pp 203-212 (1998)

1997

18. Sensitivity improvement of an optical current sensor with enhanced Faraday rotation
    G.D. Li, M.G. Kong, G.R. Jones and J.W. Spencer
    J. Lightwave Technol., 15, pp 2246-2252 (1997)

17. A rotating arc gas pump for circuit breaking and other applications
    M.G. Ennis, G.R. Jones, M.G. Kong, J.W. Spencer and D.R. Turner
    IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 25, pp 961-966 (1997)

16. Radiation from a quasi-periodically modulated electron beam
    M.G. Kong and A. Vourdas
    Europhys. Lett., 38, pp 25-29 (1997)

15. A numerical study of beam wave interaction devices using the transmission line modelling (TLM) method
    M.G. Kong, T.M. Benson and C. Christopoulos
    Int. J. Numer. Model. El., 10, pp 231-243 (1997)

14. A low voltage waveguide free electron laser based on a longitudinal interaction mechanism
    M.G. Kong
    Opt. Commun., 141, pp 48-52 (1997)

13. Enhanced amplification of a waveguide free electron laser prebunched at multiharmonic frequencies
    M.G. Kong
    Opt. Commun., 134, pp 487-494 (1997)

12. Electron beam bunching with nonsinusoidal modulation field
    M.G. Kong, T.M. Benson and C. Christopoulos
    Opt. Commun., 143, pp 301-307 (1997)

1996

11. Gain enhancement for waveguide FEL systems using an optical klystron configuration
    R.A. Stuart and M.G. Kong
    Opt. Commun., 129, pp 284-292 (1996)

10. Energy spread analysis of a waveguide optical klystron
    M.G. Kong
    Opt. Commun., 132, pp 464-468 (1996)

1995

9. Enhanced Optical Klystron Gain with a Multiharmonic Wiggler
   M.G. Kong
   Phys. Rev. E, 52, pp 3060-3065 (1995)

1994

8. Simulation of Beam-Wave Interactions without Calculation of Macroscopic Source Terms
   G. Kong, T.M. Benson and C. Christopoulos
   Electron. Lett., 30, pp 1657-1658 (1994)

7. A Low-Power Wave-Guide FEL for Operation at 60 Ghz Nominal
   R.A. Stuart, G. Kong, A. Shaw, C. Balfour, A. Alshammaa and J. Lucas
   Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A, 341, pp 313-315 (1994)

1993

6. Simulation of an Optical Klystron Wave-Guide FEL
   G. Kong, R.A. Stuart and J. Lucas
   Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A, 331, pp 518-521 (1993)

5. A Magnetic Circuit Model for Electromagnet Wigglers
   R.A. Stuart and G. Kong
   J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 26, pp 192-198 (1993)

4. Definition of Gain in Wave-Guide Free-Electron Lasers
   G. Kong and R.A. Stuart
   International Journal of Electronics, 75, pp 973-978 (1993)

1992

3. Mode Selection in a Wave-Guide Fel
   G. Kong and R.A. Stuart
   Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A, 318, pp 518-522 (1992)

2. A Magnetic-Circuit Model for Electromagnet Wigglers
   R.A. Stuart and G. Kong
   Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A, 318, pp 843-846 (1992)

1991

1. Low-voltage ubitrons for industrial purposes
   G. Kong, J. Lucas and R.A. Stuart
   Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A, 304, pp 238-242 (1991)